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salaam, (Persian) a form of salutation.
Salam Singh. There were a couple of leading members of clans who had this name. They came from Amet (Choondawat), and Jharol (Jhala).
Salera, a village in Mewar, one of two villages (the other being Hairawal) that Man Singh Saktawat received in lieu of the more propitious town of Banwal. See MAN SINGH SAKTAWAT.
Salim Singh. There were a couple of leading members of clans who had this name. They came from Bari Roopaheli (Mertia Rathore), and Kherabad (Baba); Salim Singh, heir of Arjun Singh of Kurabar; Salim Singh of the Saktawat clan, whose estate was Bansi; and Rawat Salim Singh of the Jagawat clan, whose estate was Amet.
Salumbar (Salumber), a major town southeast of Udaipur, and a few kilometres past Jaisamand Lake. It was the estate (jagir) of the son of Prince CHOONDA, founder of the CHOONDAWAT clan, who, with the title of 'Rawat', held first rank among the nobles of Mewar (the First 16 Umraos). Salumbar became the clan's capital. A magnificent old palace is still to be seen here, though it is virtually hidden amongst a cluster of more modern (yet less impressive) dwellings. Choonda, son of Maharana Lakha (1421-1433), renounced his claim to the throne in favour of his younger brother, MOKAL, but continued to serve the house of Mewar with utmost loyalty throughout his life. The Maharana, pleased with Choonda's allegiance, authorised the Rawats of Salumbar to sign all important documents of State on behalf of the Maharana. Choonda's son and successor, Kandhal, played a major role in ousting Maharana Udai Singh I (also known as Uda) who had murdered his father, Maharana Kumbha, and usurped the throne. He also fought for Maharana Raimal (1473-1509) against the Muslim invader, Jaffar Khan. Another descendant, Ratan Singh I fought Mughal Emperor Babur at the 1527 Battle of KHANWA. When leader of the Mewar forces, Maharana Sangram Singh I (Sanga), was wounded, nobles asked Kandhal to don Sanga's chattra and chaver and lead the army. He refused, saying that his ancestor, Choonda, had renounced the throne and hence could not wear these royal insignias. Ratan's son, Duda, was killed in a later battle against Bahadur Shah of Gujarat.
Genealogy: Choonda; Kandhal I; Ratan Singh I; Duda; Saidas; Khengar; Kishan Das; Jait Singh; Man Singh; Prithvi Raj; Raghunath Singh; Ratan Singh II; Kandhal II; Kesri Singh I; Kuber Singh; Jait Singh II; Jodh Singh I; Pahad Singh; Bhim Singh; Bhawani Singh; Ratan Singh III; Padam Singh; Kesri Singh II; Jodh Singh II; Onar Singh; Khuman Singh.
Salumbar, house of, Chittorgarh. Now only ruins near the Kali Mata Temple, this was originally the house of a chief, possibly BHIM SINGH of the CHOONDAWAT clan of SALUMBAR, a relative of the ruling royal house.
samadhi, (Hindi) a cremation ground; also a place where religious Gurus (Saints and Sadhus) allowed themselves be buried alive, or underwent a period of intense meditation. (The meaning of 'samadhi' varies from place to place and occasion to occasion.)
Samant, (Hindi) a chieftain.
Samant Singh. Apart from Rawal Samant Singh, there were several leading members of clans who had this name. They came from Bambora (Choondawat); Lasani (Choondawat); Roopnagar (Solanki); Sardargarh (Dodia Rajput), and Semari (Saktawat).
Samant Singh, Rawal, thirty-fifth ruler of Mewar (r. 1172-1179); succeeded his uncle, Rawal KSHEM SINGH. Samant Singh had two sons: Kalyan, who was killed in the battle of TARAIN, and Sinhad Deo. Although Mewar still ruled from AHAR, it is believed that the city was attacked and Samant Singh was forced to relocate his capital in the small, independent kingdom of DUNGARPUR, where he ruled in exile. However, some texts speculate that he may have reclaimed the Dynasty's ancient capital of Chittorgarh from Malwa (see MEWAR-THE LOST GENERATIONS.) In 1175, he occupied the Bagad region and defeated the Chalukyan, Solanki Ajey Pal (Ajaipal) of Gujarat, nephew of Kumar Pal, but in 1180, Kirtipal Songara of Nadol defeated him. Bards (poets and balladeers who chronicled contemporary history) portray Samant as brave, cool, and skillful in the fight, prudent, wise and eloquent in council, pious and decorous on all occasions; beloved by his own chiefs, and revered by the vassals of the Chauhan clan (he married the sister of PRITHVIRAJ, the Chauhan prince of Delhi and Ajmer). Along with his brother-in-law, Samant fought against the Afghan invader, MOHAMMED OF GHUR, to maintain the honour, religion and independence of India (see TARAIN, BATTLES OF). However, during the last three days of desperate fighting in a battle at Ghaggar in the Ambala District, Punjab (1192), both Prithviraj and Samant Singh were slain, plus Kalyan and thirteen thousand of Mewar's household troops and most respected chieftains. Samant's brother, KUMAR SINGH succeeded him.
Samar Singh, Rawal, forty-first ruler of the Mewar Dynasty (r. 1273-1302); succeeded his father Rawal TEJ SINGH and ruled from Chittor for twenty-nine years. Samar Singh was considered to be "brave, famous and a saint". Various inscriptions give a hint of events during Samar's reign. One from Mt. Abu, dated 1285, states he saved the whole of Gujarat from the overwhelming Muslim yoke; another, dated 1299 claims he protected Chittor and Gujarat from Ulugh Khan, younger brother of ALA-UD-DIN KHILJI around 1297; and so on. Samar had two sons, Crown Prince Ratan Singh and Kunwar Kumbh Karan (Kumbhakarna). His son, RATAN SINGH (I), succeeded to the throne and became the last Rawal of Mewar; Kumbh Karan went to Nepal where, it is believed, he became the founder of Nepal's Princely dynasty.
Samarth Singh, Maharaj, third son of Sher Singh of BAGORE, who succeeded his father after the death of his elder brothers, Shardul Singh and Sobhag Singh. Samarth died without issue and Maharana Shambhu Singh gave Bagore to Sher Singh's fifth son, Sohan Singh, despite opposition from the British Political Agent of the time. Incensed at being cheated of his rightful place in line for the leadership, the fourth son, Sohan's elder brother, Shakti, revolted against the Maharana's decision but was overpowered by the Mewar army. As further insult, Maharana Shambhu Singh, being without a natural heir, adopted the luckless Shakti's son, Sajjan Singh, who eventually succeeded to the Mewar throne as Maharana Sajjan Singh (1874-1884). (On the death of Sohan Singh, Shakti Singh finally became the next Maharaj of Bagore.)
Samiddheswar, an image of Mahadeo (Shiva) in a sitting position of Samadhi (a cross-legged posture of Yoga).
Samiddheshwar-Mahadeva (Mahadeo) Temple (also known as Mokal Temple and Shiva Mandir), Chittor. southwest of the Tower of Victory, this temple has, in its main shrine a large Trimurti of Shiva behind the SHIV LIGNA-i.e., the idol has three faces of Shiva-Saral, Saumya and Rudra Bhava. These represent the three gunas (qualities) of Life-Sat (Truth), Tajj (Prosperity) and Tam (Anger). It is thought that Raja Bhoj of Malwa built the temple when he was the ruler of Chittor (1010-1055). There are two differing accounts of the temple's reconstruction: 1. In 1428 Maharana MOKAL (1421-1433) reconstructed Raja Bhoj's original temple, renaming it Mahadeo Samiddheshwar; 2. Maharana KUMBHA (1433-1468) reconstructed it in honour of his father, Maharana Mokal, whose name it also bears, and dedicated it to the god Brahma. However, according to historian, H. Goetz: "Bhoja of Dhara (1010-55) built the temple of Tribhuvana Narayna, which no longer exists. Instead there are two important monuments of the Solanki style, built in time of Kumarpala (Kumar Pal) of Anhilavada (1443-73): the Jain temple of 1250 which Rana Mokal later reconstructed as that of Mahadeo Samiddheshwar, and the Sringar Chavri (1150), rebuilt under Rana Raimal. Two inscriptions are to be seen on the right hand wall on entering the temple: one, dated 1150 refers to the Solanki, Kumar Pal of Gujarat who visited the fortress after his victory over the Chauhan, Annaji of Ajmer; the second, dated 1428, refers to Maharana Mokal."
Samor Bagh (Gardens), Udaipur; immediately below Shiv Niwas Palace at the southern end of the City Palace complex; official residence of MAHENDRA SINGH, elder brother of Arvind Singh Mewar.
Samprati, King, a 2nd century ruler of the ancient kingdom of Mer. Kumbhalgarh was built on the site of a Mer fort, after it was won from the Mer king, Samprati, who offered himself as a sacrifice to strengthen its premises.
Samrath Singh, third son of Sher Singh, ruler of the jagir of Bagore. He became the new Jagirdar after his elder brother, Sardul Singh, heir to the estate, was arrested after trying to poison their uncle, Maharana Swaroop Singh, in a bid for the throne, and died in prison. Later, Samrath died without an heir, and the new Maharana, Shambhu Singh (Samrath's nephew), gave Bagore to youngest brother, Sohan Singh. See also SHER SINGH AND THE BAGORE LINE.
Samudhra Shah, builder of the KAREDA PARSVANATH JAIN TEMPLE at BHUPAL SAGAR. He held an important ministerial post during the reign of Rawal TEJ SINGH (1261-1267).
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